Methods of Social search SOC 301

part 1). Read the textbook(Appendix A: Reviewing the Literature) carefully, watch the video listed below, and answer the questions listed below.Please keep the following in mind when you submit your answers.

• 1. This is a reading assignment. The whole purpose of this assignment is to see if you have read the assigned reading. I need to know that you have read the reading by examining your answer.
  2. Thus, your answers must be based on the info presented in the reading. How do you know that your answer is based on the info presented in the reading? If you read the assigned reading and write your answer based on the info presented in the reading, your answer is based only on the info presented in the reading.
  3. Do not include in your answer any info not presented in the reading. If you need to include such info in your answer, clearly indicate the source of the info. Any such info presented without indicating the source will be negatively graded.
  4. Do not submit AI (such as ChatGPT) generated answers as your answers. Such answers are totally inappropriate for this assignment and will not earn any points. Read the assigned reading and write your own answers based on the info presented in the reading.

  Boolean Operators- And, Or, &Not

• Link for the video

• What is a literature review?

• What is a peer-reviewed paper?

• What is an abstract?

• How does the Boolean operator, and, affect your search results in your search for articles using the library databases. Explain your answer using gay and adoption as an example.

• How does the Boolean operator, or, affect your search results in your search for articles using the library databases. Explain your answer using gay or adoption as an example.

• How does the Boolean operator, not, affect your search results in your search for articles using the library databases. Explain your answer using gay and not adoption (or gay not adoption) as an example.

• What are the sections contained in a scholarly empirical research article?

• What are the three goals of writing a literature review, according to the textbook?

• What is plagiarism?

• What should you do to avoid plagiarism?

Part 2) Read the article carefully and answer the questions listed at the bottom of this page.

The Sociology Student Writer’s Manual, 4th Ed., by William A. Johnson, Jr., Richard P. Rettig, Gregory M. Scott, and Stephen M. Garrison. Prentice Hall, 2004.

5.3. ETHICAL USE OF SOURCE MATERIAL (p. 111)

• “Your goal is to integrate the source material skillfully into the flow of your written argument, using it as effectively as possible.”
• “This means that sometimes you will need to quote from a source directly, whereas at other times you should recast (paraphrase) source information into your own words.”

5.3.1. Quoting (p. 111)

When should you quote directly?

• “When the original language is distinctive enough to enhance your argument.”
• “When rewording the passage would lessen its impact.”

• “Rarely, should you quote a source at great length (longer than two or three paragraphs).
• “Nor should your paper, or any lengthy section of it, be merely a string of quoted passages.”
• “The more quotations you take from others, the more disruptive they are to the rhetorical flow of your own language.”

• “Too much quoting creates a ‘cut-and-paste’ paper, a choppy patchwork of varying styles and borrowed purposes in which the sense of your own control over the material is lost.”

Acknowledge quotations carefully.

• “The origin of each quote must be signaled (cited) within your text at the point where the quote occurs, as well as in the list of works cited (references) that follow the text.”

Quote accurately.

• “If your quotation introduces careless variants of any kind, you are misrepresenting your source.”

• “Proofread your quotations very carefully, paying close attention to such surface features as spelling, capitalization, italics, and the use of numerals.”

• “Occasionally, either to make a quotation fit smoothly into a passage, to clarify a reference, or to delete unnecessary material form a quotation, you may need to change the original wording slightly. You must signal any such change to your reader by using brackets.”

5.3.2. Paraphrasing

“Your writing has its own rhetorical attributes, its own rhythms and structural coherence.”

“Inserting too many quotations into a section of your paper can disrupt the patterns you establish in your prose and diminish the effectiveness of your own language.”

“Paraphrasing, or recasting source material in your own words, is one way of avoiding the risk of creating a choppy hodgepodge of quotations.”

“Paraphrasing allows you to communicate ideas and facts from a source in your own prose, thereby keeping intact the rhetorical characteristics that distinguish your writing.”

• “Remember that the salient fact about a paraphrase is that its language is yours.”

• “It is not a near copy of the source writer’s language.”
• “Merely changing a few words of the original does justice to no one’s prose and frequently produces stilted passages.”
  • “This sort of borrowing is actually a form of plagiarism”

• “To fully integrate the material you wish to use into your writing, use your own language.”

• “Paraphrasing may actually increase your comprehension of source material.”

• “Recasting a passage requires you to think carefully about its meaning — more carefully, perhaps, than you might if you merely copied it word for word.”

5.3.3. Avoiding Plagiarism

“Paraphrases require the same sort of documentation that direct quote does.”

• “The words of a paraphrase may be yours, but the idea is someone else’s.”
• “Failure to give that person credit, in the form of references within the text and in the bibliography, may make you vulnerable to a charge of plagiarism.”

“What kind of paraphrased material must be acknowledged?”

• “Basic material that you find in several sources need not be acknowledged by a reference.”

• “For example, it is unnecessary to cite a source for the information that Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected to a fourth term as President of the United States shortly before his death, because this is a commonly known fact.”

• “Any information that is not widely known, whether factual or open to dispute, should be documented.”

• “This includes statistics, graphs, tables, and charts taken from a source other than your own primary research.”
• “Professor Smith’s opinion, published in a recent article, that Roosevelt’s winning of a fourth term hastened his death is not a fact, but a theory based on Smith’s research and defended by her.” So this should be acknowledged.

“Plagiarism is the using of someone else’s words or ideas without giving that person credit.”

• “Although some plagiarism is deliberate, produced by writers who understand that they are guilty of a kind of academic thievery,”
• “much of it is unconscious, committed by writers who are not aware of the varieties of plagiarism or who are careless in recording their borrowings from sources.”

“Plagiarism includes:”

• “Quoting directly without acknowledging the source.”
• “Paraphrasing without acknowledging the source.”
• “Constructing a paraphrase that closely resembles the original in language and syntax.”

“One way to guard against plagiarism is to keep careful records in your notes of when you have quoted source material directly and when you have paraphrased — making sure that the wording of the paraphrase is yours.”

“Make sure that all direct quotes in your final draft are properly set off from your own prose, either with quotation marks or in indented blocks.”

• What is the problem of inserting too many direct quotations in your writing?

• What is paraphrasing?

• Why is it good to paraphrase?

part 3) Read the article and answer the questions listed at the bottom of this page.

[Sources: J.L. Galvan, Writing Literature Review, 1999, Pyrczak Publishing, and P.D. Leedy & J.E. Ormrod, Practical Research, 2001, Merrill Prentice Hall.]

• What do you need to conduct a literature search?

• What is an empirical research article?

• What is a review article? How does it differ from an empirical research article?

• What is the difference between a bad literature review and a good literature review?

• Part 4) Literature Search Using Electronic Databases.

• Read the following article:.
• Scalias gay adoption claim: Even wronger than I thoughtBy Ezra KleinWashington Post, March 29, 2013.On Wednesday, I wrote about Justice Antonin Scalias comment that theres considerable disagreement among sociologists as to what the consequences of raising a child in a single-sex family, whether that is harmful to the child or not..It turns out Scalias comment was wronger than I thought and wrong in a way that Scalia, in particular, should have known.It relied, remember, on the idea that sociologists are, in some significant way, split on this question. Thats not what the American Sociological Association thinks. Heres its official statement on the matter:.The claim that same-sex parents produce less positive child outcomes than opposite-sex parentseither because such families lack both a male and female parent or because both parents are not the biological parents of their childrencontradicts abundant social science research. Decades of methodologically sound social science research, especially multiple nationally representative studies and the expert evidence introduced in the district courts below, confirm that positive child wellbeing is the product of stability in the relationship between the two parents, stability in the relationship between the parents and child, and greater parental socioeconomic resources. Whether a child is raised by same-sex or opposite-sex parents has no bearing on a childs wellbeing..The clear and consistent consensus in the social science profession is that across a wide range of indicators, children fare just as well when they are raised by same-sex parents when compared to children raised by opposite-sex parents..Pretty definitive. And heres the punchline: That paragraph isnt buried in a press release on its blog or in an editorial from its trade magazine. Its from the amicus curiae brief that the ASA filed in the very case Scalia was commenting on..In other words, the official organization representing American sociologists went out of their way to provide the Supreme Court with their consensus opinion on the effect of same-sex parents on children. And yet, when struggling for a concrete harm that could come from gay marriage, Scalia went with considerable disagreement among sociologists. So weve gone from a weak claim considerable disagreement over harm is not the same thing as actual harm to an explicitly wrong claim. Scalia offered no details or evidence of this considerable disagreement among sociologists, and its hard to believe hes a better judge of the profession than the ASA, whose brief he notably declined to mention..Gay marriages opponents really have nothing to go on these days..————————————————————-.In this week’s lab exercise, you are going to examine one database listed on the library’s webpage to see if empirical studies support the American Sociological Associations view on gay adoption..In this exercise, you are going to examine only ACADEMIC/SCHOLARLY JOURNALS. Read the following library handout and make sure that you understand what these journals are..Scholarly, Popular and Trade Articles – What’s the Difference?.In this exercise, you are going to find ACADEMIC (or SCHOLARY) EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ARTICLES published in SCHOLARLY JOURNALS which examined the following research question:.
  • Is gay adoption beneficial or harmful to adopted children?

  .The word EMPIRICAL means that the article you list must have analyzed data. How can you know whether the article you found is an empirical research paper? If it is an empirical research paper, it briefly describes the data collected (survey data, experimental data, interview data, etc.) in the abstract (a short, one-paragraph summary) attached to the article. If the full article is available, check if the article has a section typically titled as Methods, Sample, Data, etc. These sections describe how the data were collected. (Read the How to Scan the Articles section of the supplementary reading (Literature Review) to learn how to scan the article.).The word ACADEMIC (or SCHOLARLY) means that the article you list must be published in a professional journal (not in a newspaper, not in a magazine, not in a book, not on the Internet). Do not use dissertations..Do not use articles published in law journals. Legal or law analysis of gay adoption/gay marriage is not appropriate for this exercise..Do not use articles that do not have abstracts.Do not use review articles, because these articles do not analyze data. .To find articles, you need to use electronic databases. To access the database, open another tab or browser and type the following address:. At the librarys webpage, click Databases => Browse Database A-Z..Scroll down the list and check each database by reading a short description attached to it. Select the one that you think is the most appropriate database for this exercise and write down the name of the database you selected (You need this info for Question w3L21).(To use these databases from your home computer, you need to log in. You have learned how to log in by doing Week 2 Lab Assignment [w2L4]. If you use a computer on campus, you can use the databases without logging in.).Spend some time and explore how the database works. (For example, if the database allows you to restrict your search to peer-reviewed articles, make sure to select this option.) Once you have understood how the database works, start searching for articles..Given the research question listed above, what keywords do you think you should use to search for appropriate articles? If you cannot find good articles, change keywords..Did you find any good articles? (If you did not, try different keywords and different combination of keywords. If you still do not find any good articles, try another database. Make sure to use social science data bases or comprehensive databases.).If you found more than one article, using the best article you found:.(w3L21) List the name of the database you used to locate the article. ==> Use the link listed at the bottom of this page to submit your answer.(w3L22) List the keywords you used to locate the article.(w3L23) Copy from the database the bibliographic info [i.e., the author’s name, the title of the article, the name of the journal, publication year, volume #, (issue #, if listed), page #s] for the article you found and paste it here. (Dont list the bibliography listed at the end of the article.)(w3L24) Following the example listed below, format exactly in the ASA style the bibliographic info which you presented in w3L23..————–.General ASA Format:.Author1 (Last name inverted), Author2 (including full surname, last name is not inverted), and Author3.Year of publication. Title of Article. Name of Publication (italicized) Volume Number (Issue Number):Page numbers of article..Examples:.One author:.Aseltine, Robert H. 1993. Marital Disruption and Depression in a Community Sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 34(3): 237-51..More than one author:.Kalleberg, Arne L., Barbara F. Reskin, and Ken Hudson. 2000. Bad Jobs in America: Standard and Nonstandard Employment Relations and Job Quality in the United States. American Sociological Review 65(2): 256-78..If you need more info on the ASA bibliographic format, check the following websites:. (To read, copy the address, open another tab or browser, paste it in the address area and go to the web page.).——————-.(w3L25) Copy and paste here the abstract attached to the article. (If the article you found does not have an abstract, you cannot use it for this lab assignment.).(w3L26) Copy and paste the abstract again and answer the following question: Does this abstract present the research question examined in this study? If yes, underline the portion in the abstract where the research question is presented. .(w3L27) Copy and paste the abstract again and answer the following question: Does this abstract describe the data analyzed in this study? If yes, underline the portion in the abstract where the data are described. .(w3L28) Copy and paste the abstract again and answer the following question: Does the abstract present the answer the study found to the research question? If yes, underline the portion in the abstract where the answer to the research question is presented. .(w3L29) Indicate whether the full text of this article available for a download or not..=====================================.Keep in mind:(1) The article you list must be an empirical scholarly journal article. That is, the article must have analyzed DATA to find an answer to the research question.(2) The article must have examined the research question listed above (or a research question similar to the one listed above). (3) The article must have an abstract.(4) Do not use an article appeared in a law journal. Do not use an article appeared in a popular magazine, such as Time, in a newspaper, such as the New York Times, or at a website, such as WIKIPEDIA.(5) For w3L24, you must follow the ASA format precisely...This assignment is easy if the article you found is an empirical research article. This assignment becomes very difficult if the article that you found is not an empirical research article, because you cannot answer some or all of the questions (w3L25-w3L29)...If you have any questions while working on this assignment, feel free to post your questions in the discussion forum. =====================================.Make sure to use appropriate databases. If you use inappropriate databases, you cannot find good articles. If one database does not give you good articles, move on to another database. .If you are not sure which database to use, try these and see if you find a good empirical article. .

  • • • Social Science Full Text
      • SocINDEX with Full Text
      • Social Work Abstracts
      • Academic OneFile
      • Academic Search Complete
      • etc.

  .Make sure to use good keywords. Before you can find good articles, you probably have to try different keywords and different combination of keywords..

• List the name of the database you used to locate the article.

• List the keywords you used to locate the article.

• Copy from the database the bibliographic info [i.e., the author’s name, the title of the article, the name of the journal, publication year, volume #, (issue #, if listed), page #s] for the article you found and paste it here. (Dont list the bibliography listed at the end of the article.)

• (1) Copy and paste your w3L23 answer. (2) Format exactly in the ASA style the bibliographic info which you presented in w3L23.

• Copy and paste here the abstract attached to the article. (If the article you found does not have an abstract, you cannot use it for this lab assignment.)

• Copy and paste the abstract again and answer the following question: Does this abstract present the research question examined in this study? If yes, underline the portion in the abstract where the research question is presented.

• Copy and paste the abstract again and answer the following question: Does this abstract present the research question examined in this study? If yes, underline the portion in the abstract where the research question is presented.

• Copy and paste the abstract again and underline the portion in the abstract where the data analyzed in the study are described. (If the abstract does not describe the data, you cannot use it for this lab assignment.)

• Copy and paste the abstract again and answer the following question: Does the abstract present the answer the study found to the research question (presented in w3L26)? If yes, underline the portion in the abstract where the answer to the research question is presented.

• Indicate whether the full text of this article available for a download or not.