• Sorting algorithms: These algorithms arrange data in a particular order, such as ascending or descending. Examples include bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, merge sort, and quick sort.
• Searching algorithms: These algorithms find the location of a particular data element in a data structure. Examples include linear search, binary search, and hash search.
• Graph algorithms: These algorithms deal with the traversal and analysis of graphs. Examples include depth-first search, breadth-first search, Dijkstra’s algorithm, and Floyd-Warshall algorithm.
• Dynamic programming algorithms: These algorithms solve optimization problems by breaking them down into smaller sub-problems. Examples include the knapsack problem, matrix chain multiplication, and longest common subsequence.
• Greedy algorithms: These algorithms make the locally optimal choice at each step, hoping it will lead to a globally optimal solution. Examples include Prim’s algorithm, Kruskal’s algorithm, and Huffman coding.
• Divide and conquer algorithms: These algorithms divide the problem into smaller sub-problems, solve them recursively, and combine the solutions. Examples include merge sort, quick sort, and binary search.